Reading the local press or the output from local politicians and you would have thought that everyone in Arundel wants a second A27 bypass.  Well after the last couple of days, that myth has been well and truly exploded.  It is now clear that a significant number of people don’t support that option.

Not only that, but people want access to the facts and to be involved in the debate, rather than be told by politicians or the Department for Transport what’s good for them.  Few, if any, question the need for some form of road improvements, but they want the opportunity to shape what happens to their local community and to arrive at solutions that won’t cost the earth and that most people can support.

All of this started with a few local residents getting together to question whether people in Arundel really wanted a second bypass, particularly a highly damaging offline bypass.  They were concerned that many people did not know about the proposals and that there had been very little discussion within the town about them.

Walk along River Arun to see proposed river crossing

To address this they organised a fact-finding walk on Sunday, open to all residents, close to the preferred route of many local politicians, including Nick Herbert MP.  This route goes through Tortington Common and other ancient woodland and as Tony Whitbread, Chief Executive of Sussex Wildlife Trust said, if it went ahead would represent one of the biggest losses of ancient woodland in Sussex in recent years.  It follows the line of the previously proposed ‘pink/blue’ route and is option A in the current process.

Contrary to all expectations, nearly 100 people (mostly local) turned out to walk around the area.  They saw the work of local landowners in Tortington Common managing the woodland and heard about the wildlife living there and saw what potentially what could be lost with a second offline bypass.

Tony Whitbread addressing walkers in ancient woodland on Tortington Common

Then yesterday, a public meeting, open to all, was organised to allow local people to find out more about what was being proposed.  However, the organisers, Arundel SCATE, didn’t bank on so many people wanting to get involved.  Arundel Town Hall which has a fire capacity of nearly 100 upstairs was quickly full and nearly 200 people had to be excluded downstairs and outside.

Inside the meeting, there was a range of discussion including some pro-bypass viewpoints, but the overwhelming feeling of the meeting was against a second offline bypass because of the damage it would wreak whichever line it took.  Surprisingly, the vast majority wanted online or near online improvements focussed on tackling the blockages, such as at Crossbush or the traffic lights near the station, along with other improvements to reduce the severance the A27 currently causes.  This is surprising because of the stance taken by local politicians keen to rule out online improvements and who have been pushing strongly for a second offline bypass.

Given this wake-up call, where once again politicians have been shown to be out of touch with local people, poiticians now need to make sure that the options going forward for consideration, include the options that local people want to see progressed.  At present there is a danger that these have already been ruled out by the powers that be.  That, for so many reasons, would be wrong and needs to be addressed before it is too late.

Tony Whitbread, Chief Executive of Sussex Wildlife Trust, writes about the failure of roadbuilding as a solution to traffic congestion.

M25 traffic jam. Photo: Ken Douglas (https://www.flickr.com/photos/good_day/47214886/)

One of the most worrying features of the current rush for road building is the severe lack of strategic thinking in the proponents.

The solutions put forward are surrounded by the appropriate jargon – “route-based strategies”, “transport infrastructure”, “strategic road network” and so on – but they are all basically knee-jerk reactions. Traffic jams are predicted and a new road is pushed as the answer. Predict and provide in its simplest form.

A bypass here, a dual carriageway there, then it all needs expanding again. Some wish to see the whole south coast with dual carriageways of motorway proportions along its length. Bigger, then bigger again until we have something like the M25 running through Sussex – and after all, as well all know, there has never been a traffic jam on the M25!

Simplistic road building strategies fall apart when you start to consider what then happens. Build a road in one place and the jam just moves to somewhere else – and demands increase for a new road there as well. Traffic then increases elsewhere and again road developments are demanded. Environmental damage is bad in one place, but magnified up by all the increasing demands for new roads and it becomes much worse.

This would be bad enough with a constant level of traffic, but new roads generate new traffic. Even if one location is eased, people will then perceive the slight ease in congestion so will travel more often, so increasing traffic. Those who believe that new roads will reduce congestion are fooling themselves. A few favoured locations may be relieved, but overall the level of traffic throughout Sussex will increase.

Bear in mind also that many are proposing these roads specifically to drive an increase in traffic. Road building is wanted in order to “unlock areas for development” – to enable more of the countryside to be built on. Tarmac over part of Sussex so you can concrete over other parts. Development may be needed, but this has to be carefully designed sustainable development, not just a rush to build roads and houses.

So what are the answers?

First we have to question a few “truths” we are told. Road traffic is not shooting upwards, indeed some think that road traffic has peaked across the developed world. People are finding other ways of gaining access to their needs and a focus back on roads risks bucking an otherwise good trend.

Image: Campaign for Better Transport (www.bettertransport.org.uk)

Also I’m old enough to remember nearly 20 years ago we were told that if we didn’t get bypasses round Arundel and Worthing then the economy would collapse. 20 years later we have been through a period of strong economic growth. Sussex did not become destitute. We were told cycling would never increase – it did. People wouldn’t use buses – they do. There would never be more people working from home – there are. Teleconferencing is impractical – it isn’t. And so on.

The truth is, as we’ve learned many times before, you can’t build your way out of the problem. Answers have to be sophisticated not simplistic. They may include some minor on-line improvements to roads, but to ease flow not to add capacity. Improvements to public transport will be part of the mix and, as most journeys are short, cycling and walking are perhaps where some large gains could be made. But the key long term solution is to reduce the need to travel – modern technology, developments in communication, management systems improvements and integrated planning to reduce travel.

We live in a small over crowded part of the country.  Imagining that there is always unlimited space to expand roads into is a dream world. Building roads to add to the congestion is no solution.

A27 near Firle. Picture: Kevin Gordon

SCATE has issued its response to the Department for Transport feasibility study on the A27 proposal. It echoes much of what Campaign for Better Transport said in its own response to the study, which concludes that, ‘…the whole premise of these studies appears to be to enable more roadbuilding regardless of whether that makes sense economically, environmentally or socially.’

SCATE’s submission raises a number of issues which are not addressed by the DfT study.  These include, crucially, the effect of the proposed new roads on greenhouse gas emissions; how much new traffic will be generated by expanding the A27; how the proposals will affect public transport measures; and what is being done to assess possible improvements in public transport as a means of ameliorating congestion?  For a full list of questions, see here.

Alternative proposals
In its submission, SCATE comes up with a number of possible solutions to the issue of congestion on the A27.  These include junction improvements, bus links, school and work travel plans and improving cycling and walking infrastructure.  Particular attention is paid to the area around Arundel, the damage that a new bypass would cause (including to a large block of ancient woodland), and alternatives that could reduce congestion on the existing bypass.

More investment in cycling needed. Picture: Peter Ito

Public transport: better in 1954

The submission points out that a major source of congestion on the A27 north of Eastbourne comes from people driving from the north, including from Hailsham and Uckfield, via the A22. In 1954, the train journey from Hailsham to Eastbourne took 16 minutes, making it an easy commute.  Sixty years later, the journey by public transport (by bus: there is no longer a train station at Hailsham) takes around 40 minutes.  There are many other opportunities outlined in the submission for improvements in public transport which could make a real difference to congestion, as well as reducing carbon emissions and avoiding the huge destruction that would be caused by ‘improvement’ of the A27.

No need for substantial interventions

In conclusion, SCATE says, ‘From the evidence submitted so far, SCATE cannot see the need for any substantial interventions with the A27 in the form of major new road construction. The great majority of the traffic on all the sections of the A27 under study is local, with very little long-distance traffic for which trunk roads are normally provided. Most of the pressure on the road is during peak hours, when people are travelling to and from work or ferrying children to and from school. Outside these hours and at weekends, traffic generally flows freely.’

A27 Action – ‘an alliance of local councils, businesses and MPs who want to see the A27 upgraded‘ – had its big launch on 26 June at Worthing College. It may not have been entirely coincidence that the launch was held during rush hour and a stone’s throw from the A27, thereby pressing home the point that the road is unacceptably congested.

No New Roads
Participants arriving for the launch had to drive past a large ‘No New Roads’ banner, and a collection of people from various groups opposing further roadbuilding along the A27. Groups represented included Campaign for Better Transport (), Bricycles, Council for the Protection of Rural England (Sussex), Eastbourne FoE, Combe Haven Defenders and anti-road groups from Arundel and elsewhere. Most had arrived by train, bus or bicycle, thus proving that there are viable alternatives to driving along the A27.

The local media came along, and interviewed people from several groups, allowing them to put forward their case: not that there is not a problem with the A27, but that roadbuilding is not the answer. Investment is needed instead in decent, affordable public transport, as well as in walking and cycling. This would not only reduce carbon emissions, it would save vast amounts of money and avoid the terrible destruction of the countryside that will be caused if the road plans for the A27 go ahead.

End to end dual carriageway needed
The stated aim of A27 action is ‘[T]o present the Government with a robust case demonstrating the need for improving the A27 across West Sussex‘. To that end, the launch was addressed by the local MPs (Tim Loughton, Nick Herbert, Nick Gibb) and the leader of West Sussex County Council, Louise Goldsmith. All of them stressed the costs to business of the congestion along the A27 and how it is putting businesses off relocating to West Sussex. Louise Goldsmith stated that she would like the A27 to be a dual carriageway from end to end.

Ancient woodland at risk
Arundel MP Nick Herbert spoke about the need for a(nother) Arundel bypass. He dismissed the ‘online’ option (that is, enlarging the existing bypass) and said that the only acceptable solution was an ‘offline’ road along the ‘pink-blue route’. This cuts right through the ancient woodland of Tortington Common, as well as areas rich in protected species.

Don’t mention climate change
A question was raised about environmental issues: there is plenty of evidence that building new roads creates more traffic and therefore more carbon emissions. How can this be justified at a time when we’re facing catastrophic climate change? The speakers were momentarily flummoxed, but it didn’t take Tim Loughton MP long to jump up and start talking about emissions from stationery vehicles stuck in traffic jams – which are not, of course, the same thing as carbon emissions – thus skilfully avoiding the issue of climate change.

More A27 = more traffic
The A27 launch event also avoided mentioning the concept of induced demand – that is, that new roads create new traffic, as people who previously might have avoided driving and used alternatives, decide once the road is built that driving is a viable option after all. This has been known for many years – in 1994, the government’s Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment (SACTRA) report concluded that ëinduced traffic can and does occur, probably quite extensivelyí. This – rather large – elephant in the room was conveniently ignored, as ‘improving’ the A27 was presented as a miracle solution to transport problems.

Editor-in-chief takes a long drive
The final speaker at the meeting was Gary Shipton, editor-in-chief of most of the local newspapers in West Sussex. He was there to tell participants how to use the media to their advantage, and was unashamedly pro-roadbuilding himself. He arrived late, having spent, he told the meeting, three hours driving along the A27 from Portsmouth. Someone shouted out, “You should have come on the train!“. Indeed: had he done so, it would have taken him 55 minutes. It turns out that driving is not always the best option after all.